The following is a paper I turned in for a class I am taking.
The present global crisis threatens to permanently
reconfigure the cultural landscape causing museums to slash staffing, freeze
hiring, halt planned exhibitions, and reduce services.[1]
As the nation faces its most difficult financial crisis since the great depression,
museums have already begun to face the daunting task of staying afloat in a
dismal economy. In a recent address to a worldwide museum community via an
online webinar, The American Association of Museum’s president Ford Bell began
with the famous Charles Dickens’s quote “It was the best of times it was the
worst of times.” [2] Admittedly
an over used phrase, but one that rings clear to many who are left standing
after September 2008’s massive decline in the stock market which delivered a
punishing blow to all Americans. The challenges we face will cause us to make
some difficult choices but has the opportunity to strengthen, and enliven
cultural institutions as a whole. In
order to meet the present crisis head on, boards and development professionals
will have to open their hearts and minds to some new ways of thinking. They can
no longer play by the rules of the venerable political structure existing in
most of today’s museums and cultural institutions. A fundamental change in
institutional governance and a change in the structures museums use to acquire
funding must take place. Practices must be put in place that break down silos
to work with all staff to ensure that museums are meeting mission, empowering
new voices in the management structure and demonstrating to their communities
that they provide essential services as vital as health and safety will ensure
the survival of their institutions.
The structure of strategic planning that takes
place in museums is one that gathers groups of people who are locked in ivory
towers, feeds them catered sandwiches, while consultants armed with the latest
rhetoric lead planning sessions locked away from the people who will bear the
burden of implementing the decisions made in a vacuum.
Senior staff and board members feel good as they
lock themselves up for an extended weekend and probably truly believe that they
are listening to a broad audience when determining the courses of action for
coming years. These sessions remind me of the Soviet Five Year Plans that would
eventual bring about a panacea of social change but only entrench a system of
entitlements that further separate the institution from the audience it seeks
to serve.
While it is not inconceivable that these closed
door weekend “retreats” can’t result in the formation of strong visions for an
institution, the complex hierarchal system of strategic planning does not
provide for the entrance of mid level management and the future leadership of
cultural institutions. The complex flow charts and graphics that are bantered
about and discussed are really there to manage the very thing that is crushing
the non-profit world: the proliferation of a group of elites who are placed in
positions of steering an institution based on their ability to be wealthy, and
maintain that wealth. The strategic plan
is an enormous plan designed to placate the strong personalities and well
funded individuals who often drive activities of institutions based on personal
proclivities and associations. The story of “the popcorn” car, the permanent
inclusion of a giant immovable truck at the Slate museum, or John Carnahan
With new styles of leadership come new opportunities
for development. Mock roll play of performing “the ask” of the wealthy society
member with a heart of gold, comparing snail mail annual appeal letters, and
debating the efficacy of Galas has been a large body of our discussion. It has
been the area of comfort, (or discomfort as the case may be) for much of our
instruction. While many of these methods will continue to play pivotal parts in
the way development departments develop resources for their institutions, a focus
on the schmoozing of wealthy members, parties for them and their friends, and
random letters out to a waiting world are not going to sustain the the future
of non-profits. A new Philanthropy epitomized by Bill and Melinda Gates is a
very real model non-profits should address and engage with. In 2007 the New
York Times reported:
Thousands of donors are thinking beyond “checkbook
philanthropy” by creating family charitable foundations, visiting places that
would benefit from donations or meeting with experts to discuss how to invest
their charitable portfolio.[5]
Jay Steenhuysen, creator of Philanthropy Coach (myphilanthropycoach.com)
has said of people like Bill and Melinda Gates “It’s great to make gifts of
gratitude to the institutions and organizations that helped get you where you
are, but that’s looking in the past,” said. “Successful people should also look
forward at what kind of world they want to help create.”
Development departments are going to have to
understand the mission of their institution better than ever, and be proactive
with finding people who mirror Gates and the other “New Philanthropists” who
seek to see the good that can come of strategically planned giving. This trend
necessitates that a development department consist of a new type of leader that
is working not for the generous salary paid to development directors, but for
the good of the institution. The old director was tasked with perpetual
cocktail parties, private receptions and well placed hand written notes of
thanks and praise. Today’s givers seek for you to know what they care about.
They want your institution to clearly match, and successfully carry out their
vision for a better world. Development directors who are at ease with speaking
to front line staff, at risk kids who attend museum programs and public
programs managers will best be able to create the links between the hands on
philanthropist who is spending to see action vs. their name on a plaque in the
foyer of the institution. A comprehensive development plan that builds on a
donor centered model-is probably the most important task of development
departments in the immediate future.[6]
The connections we make with major donors are
essential, but the connections we make with the average daily visitor are even
more impotent. By sticking with our mission, museums will demonstrate the
essential services they provide to their communities. Despite the hit everyone
has taken, early reports from 2009 are telling us that museum visitation
continues to be healthy, if not thriving in many of our major institutions.[7]
While no one is offering a smoking gun for this rise, we in the industry know
that museums have inherent value. That if we stick to our core missions of
being places where amazing exhibitions and educational programs are continuing
despite a lagging economy, people will find respite and value with us. Many
institutions have raised the price of attendance, looked for pop up programs,
and even hired more food service staff in hopes of saving their bottom line one
chocolate brownie and hot dog at a time. But institutions that are focusing on
providing people a place to go see wonderful art or objects while also being
valued as a visitor will be sure to see increase in attendance.
We may do well to take a queue from the Cincinnati Art Museum
''We wanted to be able to share those exhibitions with as many as possible, especially in these tough economic times,'' said Cincinnati Art Museum Director Aaron Betsky, who has had to reduce the museum's budget by 10 percent and lay off seven people.[8]
This is a prime example where the collections and
the visitors were valued enough to be given unfettered access to the
institutions collection, providing a rich platform to sow the seeds of the
mission for all who visit there. It is a wonderful time for museums to get back
to what they do best at their most basic level: engage the public with items we
all recognize as cherished pieces of who we are as a people that can delight,
inspire and engage us in ways that daily reports on the failure of our banking
system cannot.
Museums have fallen victim to a perfect economic
storm in which endowment income, corporate sponsorship,
foundation grants, public funding from tax revenue, individual philanthropy and
visitor numbers have almost all tanked.[9] Staff cuts, canceled
exhibit plans and reduced services have become the norm for many institutions.
All of these events have seemed to strike us all unaware. It was as if we were,
we ALL were, convinced that unfettered growth and expansion of museum programs
would continue unabated indefinitely. I believe we were especially vulnerable
in the face of this storm due to what Nina Simon
In this effort the tried and true methods of
governance and development have continued to remain static from time
immemorial. The first Museum opened its doors on the American Continent in 1773
in Charlestown Virginia
If museums are to continue to hold a place of
cultural importance in the twenty first century, we must begin to allow the old
constructs of the patriarchal blue blazer to be retired to the garage sale of mediocrity.
It is time to recognize the emergence of a new emphasis on the inclusion of
many in the decisions and directions of an institution, and we no longer need
to play puppet to the privileged, but can direct the philanthropist who is
interested in building their legacy now.
Bibliography
Bell
Live
Web Conference” March 18 and 19, 2009 http://iweb.aam-us.org/Communities/FTAttachments/Ford%20Bell%20Presentation%20Straight%20Talk%20web%20conference.pdf
(April9,2009)
Casey.
Foundation Annie E; Haas Evelyn and Walter, Jr. Fund Up Next: Generation Change and the Leadership
of Nonprofit Organizations. The Annie E Casey Foundation.2005. http://www.aecf.org/upload/publicationfiles/ld2928k643.pdf(April 9, 2009)
CBS
News Interactive “Downturn Forces Museums To Do More With Less”. 5, Apr 2009 http://wbztv.com/business/recession.museum.economy.2.976631.html
Durel, John and Anita “Building Organizational Strength in 2009” 16, March /2009. http://iweb.aam-us.org/forum/messageview.aspx?catid=244&threadid=459&enterthread=y (April8,2009)
Ellis, “ Adrian Museums
“American Museums In Financial Crisishttp://www.forbes.com/2003/05/05/cx_0506hot.html (April13,2009)
Todd., Sarah “ How to develop and sustain leadership
in nonprofits” Savannah Morning News. Savannah
Simon, Nina Deliberately
Unsustainable Business Models. 9 March 2009.
http://museumtwo.blogspot.com/2009/03/deliberately-unsustainable-business.html (March 10,2009)
[1]
Ellis, “Adrian
Museums
and the present
financial crisis” Posted April 11, 2009 http://museum30.ning.com/ (April, 10, 2009)
Adrian
Museums
[2] Bell
Live Web Conference” March 18
and 19, 2009 http://iweb.aam-us.org/Communities/FTAttachments/Ford%20Bell%20Presentation%20Straight%20Talk%20web%20conference.pdf
(April9,2009)
[3] Casey.
Foundation Annie E; Haas Evelyn and Walter, Jr. Fund Up Next: Generation Change and the Leadership of Nonprofit
Organizations. The Annie E Casey Foundation.2005. http://www.aecf.org/upload/publicationfiles/ld2928k643.pdf(April 9, 2009)
[4] Sarah Todd.” How to develop and sustain leadership in nonprofits” Savannah Morning News. Savannah Now. 8, September 2007 http://savannahnow.com/node/357113
[5]
JULIE BICK. “Write a Check? The New Philanthropist
Goes Further” 18, March 2007 The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE5DA1F31F93BA25750C0A9619C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all (April 8, 2009)
[6] Durel, John and Anita “Building Organizational Strength in 2009” 16, March /2009. http://iweb.aam-us.org/forum/messageview.aspx?catid=244&threadid=459&enterthread=y (April8,2009)
[7]CBS News Interactive “Downturn Forces Museums To Do More With Less”. 5, Apr 2009 http://wbztv.com/business/recession.museum.economy.2.976631.html
[8] “Downturn Forces Museums To Do More With Less” http://wbztv.com/business/recession.museum.economy.2.976631.html
[9] “American Museums In Financial Crisishttp://www.forbes.com/2003/05/05/cx_0506hot.html (April13,2009)
[10]Simon, Nina Deliberately
Unsustainable Business Models. 9 March 2009.
http://museumtwo.blogspot.com/2009/03/deliberately-unsustainable-business.html (March 10,2009)
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